arabidopsis thaliana google scholar

arabidopsis thaliana google scholar

Plant Microbe Interact. Arabidopsis chemically deters herbivores in part by producing pungent glucosinolates (Hogge et al. Among other fascinating processes, the complex dance of the alternation of generations is subject to dissection in Arabidopsis. Much fundamental knowledge of plastid function emerged from Arabidopsis (Martin et al. 2 There is little specificity in pattern-induced genes. Extended Data Fig. Laboratory exercises to introduce gravitropism. Plant J. In (b), each point represents peak ratio of YFP to CFP (proportional to Ca2+ concentration) for a single seedling, normalized to initial ratio. Proc. 14, 234240 (2004). 33, 15971613 (2010). Root transcriptional dynamics induced by beneficial rhizobacteria and microbial immune elicitors reveal signatures of adaptation to mutualists. N. Phytol. The combination of A and E activity generates sepals, the leaf-like outer whorl. Genes are hierarchically clustered according to their behavior across all pattern/time combinations, and cut into three clusters. Arabidopsis mutants that fail to respond appropriately to the absence of light allowed the discovery of the COP9 signalosome, a multiprotein complex that regulates ubiquitination enzymes. The authors declare no competing interests. Dynamic enhancer transcription associates with reprogramming of immune genes during pattern triggered immunity in Arabidopsis, Tackling multiple bacterial diseases of Solanaceae with a handful of immune receptors, http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.361501. Multi-level engineering facilitates the production of phenylpropanoid compounds in tomato. Walley, J. W. et al. Spermatogenesis: the commitment to meiosis. Zipfel, C. et al. A time-calibrated road map of Brassicaceae species radiation and evolutionary history. Construction of xylem and bark cDNA libraries and cloning of three xylem endopeptidases. 1995; Tanksley and Mccouch 1997). obtained the funding. Retrograde signaling between plastid and nucleus: a review. Walker B. J., Vanloocke A., Bernacchi C. J., Ort D. R., 2016. Subcellular research in Arabidopsis: Pollen organellar DNA degradation. Unlike most microbial autotrophs, plants are multicellular. Kim, D. et al. Many of these are cited in articles focused on other organisms, highlighting the fundamental importance of Arabidopsis research to biology. Phytopathol. Waese J., Fan J., Pasha A., Yu H., Fucile G., et al., 2017. ePlant: visualizing and exploring multiple levels of data for hypothesis generation in plant biology. Decreased stomagen decreases formation of stomata whereas stomagen overexpression increases stomatal density (Figure 5). Extended Data Fig. 2011), and the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol) is present in yew trees (genus Taxus) but not in Arabidopsis (Besumbes et al. & Gehlenborg, N. UpSetR: an R package for the visualization of intersecting sets and their properties. For example, components of the autophagy pathway involved in degrading cellular aggregates and organelles were first identified in yeast (Tsukada and Ohsumi 1993). Arabidopsis research was key to developing the ABCE model of floral development (Figure 3). Article In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of. PubMed PLoS ONE 7, e49641 (2012). The ones marked * may be different from the article in the profile. Likewise, there are few ethical and safety concerns with experimental design, treatment, and handling of Arabidopsis. Besumbes O., Sauret-Geto S., Phillips M. A., Imperial S., Rodrguez-Concepcin M., et al., 2004. The differences between accessions range from easily distinguished ecotypes to nearly identical plants that were independently collected and named. Arabidopsis flourishes in aseptic conditions in part because it does not associate with mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizae (Smith and Read 2008). Sect. 2007; Sheard et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Bauwe H., Hagemann M., Fernie A. R., 2010. Paterson A. H., Bowers J. E., Bruggmann R., Dubchak I., Grimwood J., et al., 2009. FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data (Babraham Bioinformatics Institute, 2010); http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/. 2011). log2(FC) (relative to time 0 for each genotypetreatment combination) across the genome for each genotypetreatmenttime combination in this experiment. Alternatively, white light can be filtered through colored plastic sheets (Stasinopoulos and Hangarter 1990), or plates can be wrapped in foil to provide darkness. In stomatal development, the stomagen signaling peptide plays a similar role to GL3 in trichome formation. flg22 is the only pattern treatment with a large number of pattern-selective genes expressed (flg22: 332, elf18: 8, Pep1: 33, nlp20:31, OGs: 8, CO8 and 3-OH-FA:0). wrote the manuscript with feedback from all authors. Induction and analysis of gibberellin sensitive mutants in. Luo J., Butelli E., Hill L., Parr A., Niggeweg R., et al., 2008. USA 107, 94529457 (2010). Google Scholar A comprehensive comparative study on 101 OsWRKY, 34 OsMADS box and 122 OsMYB genes. In this model, E-class genes are needed for all floral structures. Some authors consider Arabidopsis to be a common name, printing the nonitalicized word with or without capitalization. 2016). PubMed Central The relatively small mass of an Arabidopsis plant, advantageous for genetics, can impede the extraction of measurable amounts of sparse biochemicals, and some interesting metabolites are absent from Arabidopsis altogether. The ancestors of A. thaliana diverged to become a distinct Arabidopsis clade 6 MYA (Hohmann et al. Comparative genomics of Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa (poplar) trees, and the grain crops Sorghum bicolor and Oryza sativa (rice). Alexa, A. Zipfel, C. et al. Dra-3 originates from Dravla (Sweden; Latitude 62.68 . After 13 days, the seedling was transferred to soil and grown at room temperature under continuous fluorescent light, then photographed shortly after the transition to flowering (28 days) and after dry seed pods (siliques; arrowhead) containing mature seeds were apparent (50 days). Two types of media are commonly used: (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) and plant nutrient (PN) medium (Haughn and Somerville 1986). Figure modified from Phillips et al. 28, 15871594 (2006). McLeay, R. C. & Bailey, T. L. Motif Enrichment Analysis: a unified framework and an evaluation on ChIP data. Z., Weise S. E., Kiss H. G., 2000. In a fascinating parallel, auxin and jasmonate (jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine) molecules bind between the F-box protein and the targeted repressor, stabilizing the interaction to ensure target protein ubiquitination and degradation (Tan et al. Here, we performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis in an early time series focused to study rapid-signalling transcriptional outputs induced by well-characterized patterns in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. On growth-accelerating substances in the coleoptile of. The plant is native to Europe and Asia (Hoffmann 2002), and at the same time that Elizabeth I ruled England and Tycho Brahe was documenting the comet of 1577, the physician Johannes Thal was finishing a book describing the plants of the Harz Mountains in what is now Central Germany. 2005; Kepinski and Leyser 2005). Plant J. Unlike in animals, the two sperm cells are used for double fertilization to produce both embryo and endosperm tissues in angiosperm plants (Hamamura et al. Yellow arrows indicate nuclear DNA visible in the selected section at the tricellular stage of development. Yamamoto T., Nagasaki H., Yonemaru J., Ebana K., Nakajima M., et al., 2010. Google Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-00874-5. Plant Cell 20, 471481 (2008). Article CAS Google Scholar Gupta S, Misra S, Kumar M, Mishra SK, Tiwari S, Narayan S, Agrawal L, Chauhan PS (2022) Enhancement of drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing chickpea Ca14-3-3 gene. A comparative study of the Arabidopsis thaliana guard-cell transcriptome and its modulation by sucrose. PLoS ONE 7 , e49641 (2012). For example, hormones often function similarly across plant species, and the receptors and signaling pathways of almost all plant hormones have been elucidated in Arabidopsis (Provart et al. As such, plant cells response is in the first instance mostly to danger. AGO1 defines a novel locus of Arabidopsis controlling leaf development. 2c. Likewise, some interesting research problems are intractable in Arabidopsis. Loss of one such Arabidopsis gene in the pathway does not cause any notable phenotype (Hirano et al. Wild-type tomatoes of the Micro-Tom variety are red (top). (D) In the absence of C-gene activity, only numerous sepal and petal structures form. Yu, X., Feng, B., He, P. & Shan, L. From chaos to harmony: responses and signaling upon microbial pattern recognition. 8 Leaf tissue expression patterns of genes encoding calcium-permeable channels implicated in PTI. AFLP analysis of a collection of tetraploid wheats indicates the origin of emmer and hard wheat domestication in southeast Turkey. 13, 313-341 (2007). Genome Biol. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Denoux, C. et al. M.B. The AtGenExpress global stress expression data set: protocols, evaluation and model data analysis of UV-B light, drought and cold stress responses. Introducing a wild-type copy of the gene restores trichome formation on true leaves in gl3-1 (C), and overexpressing GL3 in wild type results in excessive trichome formation (F). Payne C. T., Zhang F., Lloyd A. M., 2000. 1 Quality control and exploratory analysis of RNA-seq data. The AtGenExpress global stress expression data set: protocols, evaluation and model data analysis of UV-B light, drought and cold stress responses. Cao, Y. et al. 2002; Rapp et al. PubMed For example, the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) gene encodes the TIR1 protein (Ruegger et al. The logic of modern science, the invention of analytical technology, and the adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model organism have created an explosion in our understanding of plant structure and function. 2017), phosphorylation (Sugiyama et al. Wan, W.-L. et al. 2010). An official website of the United States government. 15, 550 (2014). Google Scholar. Plant Physiol. Earley K. W., Haag J. R., Pontes O., Opper K., Juehne T., et al., 2006. Plant J. Linear correlation shown in red, with R2 (linear regression) shown on each plot. Cheng C. Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A. P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S., et al., 2017. 2008). Bioinformatics 31, 37183720 (2015). Nature 585, 569573 (2020). 2002; Singh et al. Although a number of different accessions of Col-0 may have been used for generating the reference Arabidopsis genome sequence, the Col-0 accession CS70000 has been proposed by TAIR as the reference stock (Huala et al. In particular, the perception of microbial or plant-derived molecular patterns by cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces pattern-triggered immunity, which includes massive transcriptional reprogramming1. Whereas animals eat, autotrophic plants weave themselves from thin air by capturing carbon dioxide and solar energy. 62, 367378 (2010). 2016). (2009) with permission from Springer Nature. Conway, J. R., Lex, A. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Bio-protocol 10, e3799 (2020). 80, 8292 (2014). Finally, C and E activity produces the innermost carpel (female) reproductive structures (Krizek and Fletcher 2005). (2015). Nat. J. J Plant Growth Regul 2:1-14. Araport11: a complete reannotation of the. 2005; Kepinski and Leyser 2005). Plant Sci. Beyond their essential underpinning of human nutrition, plants offer many advantages as research organisms. A, B, and E activity yields petals. A conserved, Mg(2)+-dependent exonuclease degrades organelle DNA during Arabidopsis pollen development. A wealth of Arabidopsis tools, resources, and shared experiences facilitate efficient generation of data and new understanding. Fan, J., Crooks, C. & Lamb, C. High-throughput quantitative luminescence assay of the growth in planta of Pseudomonas syringae chromosomally tagged with Photorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE. (2014)], Arabidopsis trichomes do not produce the diverse chemical secretions present in many plant species, including tomato, in which glandular trichomes can be investigated (McDowell et al. (C) In the absence of B-gene activity, only sepals and carpels form. Plant J. 2007; Winter et al. 2008), membrane protein topology (Schwacke et al. 135, 11131128 (2004). ), the National Science Foundation (MCB-1516966 to B.B. (2000). Arabidopsis (rockcress) is a genus in the family Brassicaceae.They are small flowering plants related to cabbage and mustard.This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced. The value of mutants unable to carry out photorespiration. 2008). Plant Physiol. Linking genotype to phenotype using the Arabidopsis unimutant collection. 75. Selection for greater yield and seedlessness has, in many cases, involved polyploidy (zkan et al. Nature 457, 11541158 (2009). Lenth, R. emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. and JavaScript. c, PCA analysis of log2(FC) of differentially expressed genes, showing (left) minimal changes in receptor-mutant treated plants, mostly corresponding with later time points, and rays of response (right) corresponding with plants at 30, 90, or 180 min post-treatment. Proc. Only later was thaliana migrated into the genus Arabidopsis (Holl and Heynhold 1842). The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Marta Bjornson,Priya Pimprikar&Cyril Zipfel, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tbingen, Germany, You can also search for this author in 161, 21462158 (2013). Furthermore, introducing certain Escherichia coli genes into Arabidopsis decreases the need for photorespiration and increases the efficiency of photosynthesis (Kebeish et al. Bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis through flagellin perception. Glob. The site is secure. ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE 1 controls plant architecture by locally restricting environmental responses. Lolle, S. et al. Chory J., Peto C., Feinbaum R., Pratt L., Ausubel F., 1989. 53, 393399 (2008). A., Song L., Miller J. J., Jeffrey P. D., et al., 2002. A key general stress response motif is regulated non-uniformly by CAMTA transcription factors. It is not necessary to bury the seeds. The transcriptional landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana pattern-triggered immunity. 9 AT3G32090 is likely miscalled as expressed in response to patterns. Activation of defense response pathways by OGs and Flg22 elicitors in Arabidopsis seedlings. The war of the whorls: genetic interactions controlling flower development. Tissue-level research: A secreted peptide controlling differentiation of Arabidopsis stomata. Wetenschap. For experiments testing responses to light or to protect photosensitive chemicals, LED-equipped growth chambers offer fine control of light wavelength and intensity. In hot, dry conditions, plants sometimes capture oxygen rather than carbon dioxide during the photosynthetic CalvinBenson cycle. Plant Cell Environ. Peer review information Nature Plants thanks Susannah Tringe and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Plant Cell 22, 508522 (2010). Historically, human interactions with plants were often focused on crop yields. Kilian J., Whitehead D., Horak J., Wanke D., Weinl S., et al., 2007. Each gene repressed in this study was plotted according to the time it is first repressed (panels from top to bottom), the number of tested patterns which repress it (x axis) and the number of abiotic stresses in the AtGenExpress dataset which also repress it within the first 3 h (y axis). J. Biol. Resolving a few issues concerning photorespiration. Zur frage nach der individualitt der chromosomen im pflanzenreich. Animal defenses are tooth and claw, horn and hoof. 1988). F1 seeds are ready for harvest in 2 weeks. d, Stomatal aperture of WT, glr2.7/2.8/2.9, or flg22-hyporesponsive bak1-5 plants treated with water, 5 M flg22, or 10 M ABA. This work allowed the discovery of plant-specific roles for autophagy, including recovery from darkness-induced starvation (Figure 7; Phillips et al. Kumar, R. et al. In spray infection assays glr2.7/2.8/2.9 are not more susceptible to e WT Pto DC3000, or f Pto COR, deficient in the stomata-opening toxin coronatine. 1993; Clough and Bent 1998; Alonso et al. In fact, several of these cop and det mutants are allelic with fusca (fus) mutants that were isolated because they accumulate excess anthocyanins in seeds (Mller 1963; Castle and Meinke 1994). Sci. No genes were significantly repressed at five minutes post-treatment. Sci. Ossowski S., Schneeberger K., Lucas-Lled J. I., Warthmann N., Clark R. M., et al., 2010. McDowell E. T., Kapteyn J., Schmidt A., Li C., Kang J.-H., et al., 2011. Biotic stress globally downregulates photosynthesis genes. meinke, d.w., embryo-lethal mutants of arabidopsis-thaliana - analysis of mutants with a wide-range of lethal phases, theoretical and applied genetics 69: 543 (1985). Gmez-Gmez, L. & Boller, T. FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis. Large diagrams show the overall set complement of genes induced or repressed by patterns taking all time points into account, whereas smaller diagrams to the left and right are specific for the complement of genes induced or repressed at the indicated time point. An RLP23SOBIR1BAK1 complex mediates NLP-triggered immunity. 2013; Li et al. Google Scholar. (2011) with permission from the American Society of Plant Physiologists. Arabidopsis research is fast, cheap, and convenient. 1988). We thank Jin Suk Lee, Keiko Torii, and Richard Vierstra for images and Abigail Garcia, Kim Gonzalez, Kathryn Hamilton, Yun-Ting Kao, Roxanna Llinas, Michael Passalacqua, Melissa Traver, Pierce Young, Zachary Wright, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript and Dominic Palesch for assistance with translation. 5 Pattern-triggered transcriptional repression acts in time-resolved waves. Arabidopsis allows the analysis of many features of plant development, environmental response, and biochemistry. RStudio: integrated development environment for R (RStudio Team, 2020). Arabidopsis and rice are two important representative model systems for dicot and monocot plants, respectively. Correspondence to Doherty, C. J., Van Buskirk, H. A., Myers, S. J. The top three GO terms for each time point are indicated. 2003), subcellular localization (Hooper et al. Nat. A single set of genes repressed [log2(FC)<-1, p<0.05] by each pattern treatment was found through combining the lists genes repressed at each time. Saijo, Y., Loo, E. P.-I. 93, 592613 (2018). Lu, H., Rate, D. N., Song, J. T. & Greenberg, J. T. ACD6, a novel ankyrin protein, is a regulator and an effector of salicylic acid signaling in the Arabidopsis defense response. Epub 2022 Jun 1. Mol. For example, the Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB12 stimulates the production of flavonol chemicals (Mehrtens et al. Galili, T. dendextend: an R package for visualizing, adjusting and comparing trees of hierarchical clustering. 2010; Yamamoto et al. Arabidopsis publications and selected milestones. In one application of reverse genetics, a documented function in another organism inspires a hypothesis of similar function for the closest-related Arabidopsis genes (Krysan et al. & Yasuda, S. Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plantmicrobe interactions. Huffaker, A., Pearce, G. & Ryan, C. A. 2002). Science 364, 178181 (2019). Later discovered in other organisms, the COP9 signalosome is now of key interest in cancer formation and therapy (Schlierf et al. Source data are provided with this paper. It was >100 years before pea proteins were isolated that had characteristics consistent with being a phototropin receptor (Gallagher et al. 25, 10831092 (2012). Isolation of a strong Arabidopsis guard cell promoter and its potential as a research tool. Arabidopsis chloroplasts lack the bacterium-like peptidoglycan cell wall present in many plants and algae, but Arabidopsis harbors genes that appear to encode some, but not all, of the enzymes for peptidoglycan production. Martin W., Rujan T., Richly E., Hansen A., Cornelsen S., et al., 2002. 2002; Reinhart et al. 11, 165 (2010). Perrier X., De Langhe E., Donohue M., Lentfer C., Vrydaghs L., et al., 2011. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Arabidopsis can be transformed using a facile dip of plants that have begun to flower into Agrobacterium tumefaciens culture (Clough and Bent 1998). Received 2017 Sep 18; Accepted 2018 Jan 23. *Department of Biology, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas 76513, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are crucial for nutrient and water absorption and colonize 80% of land plants (Wang and Qiu 2006). Matching NLR immune receptors to autoimmunity in camta3 mutants using antimorphic NLR alleles. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998). 2011). HUMANS have experimented with plants since the dawn of agriculture. To test plant responses to other environmental parameters, some incubators can regulate humidity and atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide. and M.B. The de-etiolated (det) and constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) mutants develop in darkness as if they were growing in light: In darkness, these mutants expand their cotyledons, fail to elongate their hypocotyls (embryo-derived stems), and accumulate the normally light-induced anthocyanin pigments (Chory et al. Cell 165, 12801292 (2016). 2010) and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing tools (Jiang et al. Mol. A gateway cloning vector set for high-throughput functional analysis of genes in planta. Ranf, S. et al. Hirano T., Tanidokoro K., Shimizu Y., Kawarabayasi Y., Ohshima T., et al., 2016. PLoS Genet. For more carefully controlled experiments, such as those using specific additives or investigating aspects of root development, seedlings can be germinated and grown on sterile media in Petri dishes. Proc. Cell Host Microbe 21, 518529 (2017). Mallory A. C., Dugas D. V., Bartel D. P., Bartel B., 2004. The .gov means its official. PLoS Genet. Arabidopsis is almost uniquely suited for undergraduate research projects. The ovules of a flower are receptive before the pollen is mature. [Google Scholar] Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A. et al. Seeds and seedlings are small enough to germinate by the hundreds on a single Petri dish. Mehrtens F., Kranz H., Bednarek P., Weisshaar B., 2005. PubMed Central Bioinformatics 33, 29382940 (2017). Cell 125, 749760 (2006). Yang, Y., Costa, A., Leonhardt, N., Siegel, R. S. & Schroeder, J. I. PubMed Internet Explorer). Developmental bases for key innovations in the seed-plant microgametophyte. Stomata are pores allowing gas exchange that are spaced among the beautifully jigsaw-shaped pavement cells of the leaf epidermis. The kinase LYK5 is a major chitin receptor in Arabidopsis and forms a chitin-induced complex with related kinase CERK1. This photosynthetic flaw impedes the productivity of most crops (Walker et al. In contrast, the Arabidopsis varieties commonly used in laboratories are recently descended from wild plants (Mitchell-Olds 2001) and remain diploid. Plant Biol. How can plants tell which way is up? No coculture of any other species is required for Arabidopsis to flourish, allowing aseptic growth conditions and maximal control of variables. Gene set size is shown via bar height of bars surrounding pattern tracks, and bar color shows deviation: indicating whether the set size is larger or smaller than would be expected by chance. If atmospheric humidity is low, plants may be damaged by sudden removal of the cover, and partially removing the plastic dome or cutting slits in plastic wrap a few days before entirely removing the cover aids survival. Plant 1, 423445 (2008). The ATG12-conjugating enzyme ATG10 is essential for autophagic vesicle formation in. Moreover, many of the genes most rapidly and commonly upregulated by patterns are also induced by abiotic stresses, suggesting that the early transcriptional response to patterns is part of the plant general stress response (GSR). Mustroph, A. et al. Huala E., Dickerman A. W., Garcia-Hernandez M., Weems D., Reiser L., et al., 2001. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. The genes identified in these Arabidopsis mutant screens encode the founding members of the COP9 protein regulatory complex (Wei and Deng 1992, 2003). BMC Genom. Zhang Y., Butelli E., Alseekh S., Tohge T., Rallapalli G., et al., 2015. The potential fusion protein does not encode any transmembrane domains. When an Arabidopsis gene that increases phenolic content is introduced into tomato, the increase in yellow flavonols in the presence of the typical red lycopene results in an orange appearance (bottom). Genome Res. Open Access Comparing Arabidopsis receptor kinase and receptor protein-mediated immune signaling reveals BIK1-dependent differences. Article Karrikins discovered in smoke trigger Arabidopsis seed germination by a mechanism requiring gibberellic acid synthesis and light. Both autotrophy and chemical defenses contribute to the tremendous chemical and enzymatic diversity in Arabidopsis that is fertile ground for study. 93, 166180 (2018). 3. Ultimately, the gene encoding the blue-light photoreceptor responsible for phototropism, NPH1/PHOT1, was identified via analysis of an Arabidopsis mutant that was blind to blue light (Liscum and Briggs 1995), and the photoresponsiveness of the Arabidopsis protein was confirmed in an insect heterologous system (Christie et al. Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co-receptor. Cre/lox-mediated recombination in Arabidopsis: evidence for transmission of a translocation and a deletion event. Hamamura Y., Saito C., Awai C., Kurihara D., Miyawaki A., et al., 2011. Townsley, B. T., Covington, M. F., Ichihashi, Y., Zumstein, K. & Sinha, N. R. BrAD-seq: breath adapter directional sequencing: a streamlined, ultra-simple and fast library preparation protocol for strand specific mRNA library construction. 3 Complete complement of set sizes among collapsed pattern-induced and pattern-repressed gene sets. We apologize to the many Arabidopsis researchers whose work we could not highlight in this sampling because of length limitations. Beyond the Arabidopsis techniques available to individual research groups, there are useful curated community collections. After continuing controversy about the placement of the species into the Arabidopsis genus, the Berlin code cemented the name by establishing Arabidopsis thaliana as the type for the genus (Greuter et al. 5c. MicroRNA regulation of NAC-domain targets is required for proper formation and separation of adjacent embryonic, vegetative, and floral organs. Statistics were performed in R: one-way ANOVA blocking by experiment followed by dunnettx multiple comparison to Col-0 performed using the emmeans package. 1991). Plant J. Bates, G. W. et al. Plant Cell 28, 12791296 (2016). Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved transcriptional programs underpinning organogenesis and reproduction in land plants. 1988). 50 years of Arabidopsis research: highlights and future directions. Schmid M., Davison T. S., Henz S. R., Pape U. J., Demar M., et al., 2005. 2003), allowing for reverse-genetics research (e.g., Figure 7). 1998). 2000). Baerenfaller K., Grossmann J., Grobei M. A., Hull R., Hirsch-Hoffmann M., et al., 2008. Its small genome size, rapid life cycle . Exploiting secondary growth in Arabidopsis. Bjornson, M., Pimprikar, P., Nrnberger, T. et al. Selected pattern subset of a priori interest are highlighted through open arrows on large combined plots; none has deviation far from 0. Sci. 2009; Li et al. Plant Microbe Interact. Biochem. Adjusted P value (FDR corrected, calculated by DESeq2) across the genome for each genotypetreatmenttime combination in this experiment. 2000), genetics (Zheng 2006), and genomics (Brooks et al. The graph plots the number of publications since 1945 featuring selected model organisms gathered from PubMed (NCBI Resource Coordinators 2017) searches using full genus and species names as search terms. Cistrome and epicistrome features shape the regulatory DNA landscape. Stasinopoulos T. C., Hangarter R. P., 1990. Jiang, X., Hoehenwarter, W., Scheel, D. & Lee, J. Phosphorylation of the CAMTA3 transcription factor triggers its destabilization and nuclear export. Science 361, 11121115 (2018). Nature.

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